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Bioscience News
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Today's biological science headlines from the sources selected by our team:
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Regenerating damaged tissues: Bioscaffolds promote growth of joints in rabbits
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A team of researchers has successfully regenerated rabbit joints using a cutting-edge process to form the joint inside the body, or in vivo. Regenerative in vivo procedures are performed by stimulating previously irreparable organs or tissues to heal themselves. In this study, bioscaffolds, or three-dimensional structures made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials in the shape of the tissue, were infused with a protein to promote growth of the rabbit joint.
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Tuberculosis advance: Existing drugs can potentially target the disease's ability to spread
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Often causing no symptoms in carriers of the disease, worldwide tuberculosis infects eight to ten million people every year, kills two million, and it is highly contagious as it is spread through coughing and sneezing. Now, researchers in Canada have found that existing drugs can potentially target the disease's ability to spread.
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Mechanism uncovered behind Salmonella virulence and drug susceptibility
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Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism in Salmonella that affects is virulence and its susceptibility to antibiotics. The mechanism changes the bacteria's production of proteins in a previously unheard of manner. It allows Salmonella to selectively change its levels of certain proteins to respond to inhospitable conditions. Although the mechanism had not been recognized before, scientists found evidence of a similar mechanism in all five kingdoms of life. The mechanism appears to have been conserved throughout the course of evolution.
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'Guardian of the genome': Protein helps prevent damaged DNA in yeast
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(Cornell University) Like a scout that runs ahead to spot signs of damage or danger, a protein in yeast safeguards the yeast cells' genome during replication -- a process vulnerable to errors when DNA is copied -- according to new Cornell research.
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Red blood cells have a tiny but effective protector -- microRNA
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(Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) Pediatric researchers have discovered a new biological pathway in which small segments of RNA, called microRNA, help protect red blood cells from injury caused by chemicals called free radicals. The microRNA seems to have only a modest role when red blood cells experience normal conditions, but steps into action when the cells are threatened by oxidant stress. The study illustrates how microRNA fine-tunes gene activity.
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UT Southwestern researchers find key step in body's ability to make red blood cells
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(UT Southwestern Medical Center) Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have uncovered a key step in the creation of new red blood cells in an animal study.
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Researchers identify key enzyme in DNA repair pathway
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Researchers have discovered an enzyme crucial to a type of DNA repair that also causes resistance to a class of cancer drugs most commonly used against ovarian cancer. 
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Memory's master switch
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Neuroscientists have long wondered how individual connections between brain cells remain diverse and "fit" enough for storing new memories. Reported in the prestigious science journal Neuron, a new study led by Dr. Inna Slutsky of the Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University describes what makes some memories stick. 
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Super-rare 'elkhorn' coral found in Pacific
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An Australian scientist has discovered what could be the world's rarest coral in the remote North Pacific Ocean. 
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The Healing Effects of Forests
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Forests - and other natural, green settings - can reduce stress, improve moods, reduce anger and aggressiveness and increase overall happiness. Visits may also strengthen our immune system.
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Unaccounted ecosystem feedbacks may increase warming
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Projections of future climate changes already account for "carbon-climate feedbacks", which means that more CO2 is released from soils in a warming climate than is taken up by plants due to photosynthesis.
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